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St John Philby
Harry St John Bridger Philby Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) (3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon – 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah (الشيخ عبدالله), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and colonial office intelligence officer.
As he states in his autobiography, he "became something of a fanatic" and in 1908〔The London Gazette Publication date: 3 November 1908 Issue:28191 Page: 7933〕 "the first Socialist to join the Indian Civil Service". After studying oriental languages at the University of Cambridge, he was posted to Lahore in the Punjab in 1908, acquiring fluency in Urdu, Punjabi, Baluchi, Persian, and eventually Arabic. He converted to Islam in 1930, and later became an adviser to Ibn Saud, urging him to become King of the whole of Arabia,〔(Middle East Time Bomb: The Real Aim of ISIS Is to Replace the Saud Family as the New Emirs of Arabia )〕 and helping him to negotiate with the United Kingdom and the United States when petroleum was discovered in 1938; in addition he married for the second time, to a Saudi Arabian.〔Ben Macintyre A Spy Among Friends pg 24〕
His only son, Kim Philby, became infamous as a double agent for the Soviet Union in 1963.〔
==Early years==
Born in Badulla in British Ceylon, the son of a tea planter, he was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied oriental languages under Edward Granville Browne, and was a friend and classmate of Jawaharlal Nehru, later prime minister of India. Philby married Dora Johnston in September 1910,〔http://www.sant.ox.ac.uk/mec/MEChandlists/Philby-Collection.pdf〕 with his distant cousin Bernard Law Montgomery as best man. Alongside their son Kim, born in 1912, they had three daughters.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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